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No. Governor Start End Title Origin Identity notes[N 1] Tenure notes
1 Yunus Pasha 1517 1517 Beylerbey Albanian, Greek, or Bulgarian[1] [2][3] Governorship revoked for corruption
2 Hayır Bey No picture available 1517 1522 Beylerbey Abkhazian[4] [2][3][5][6] Died in office
3 Çoban Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1522 1523 Beylerbey Bosniak[7] [2][3][8][9][10] Put down a small Mamluk revolt[5]
4 Hain Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1523 1524 Sultan Georgian[11] [2][3][5][10] Rebelled, declared himself sultan; was executed[5][10]
5 Güzelce Kasım Pasha [ar] (1st) No picture available 1524 1525 Beylerbey [2][3][12]
6 Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha 1525 1525 Beylerbey Orthodox Balkanite[13] [2][14] Remained for 3 months, organized the civil and military system of Ottoman Egypt[14]
7 Güzelce Kasım Pasha [ar] (2nd) No picture available 1525 1525 Beylerbey [2][3]
8 Hadım Süleyman Pasha (1st) 1525 1535 Beylerbey Greek[15][16] [2][3]
9 Divane Hüsrev Pasha No picture available 1535 1537 Beylerbey Bosniak[17] [2][3]
10 Hadım Süleyman Pasha (2nd) 1537 1538 Beylerbey Greek[18][19] [2][3] [2][3]
11 Davud Pasha No picture available 1538 1549 Beylerbey [2][3][20] Long-standing feud with Rüstem Pasha;[20] died in office
– Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha 1549 1549 Kaymakam Bosniak[21] [22][23] Served only a few months[23] as acting governor[22]
12 Semiz Ali Pasha No picture available 1549 1553 Beylerbey Bosniak[24] [2][3][20] Appointed to another position in Constantinople
13 Dukakinzade Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1553 1556 Beylerbey [2][3][25][26] Used to sing in public with a guitar; executed for violating sharia[25]
14 Iskender Pasha No picture available 1556 1559 Beylerbey [2][3][26][27] Had many public works built between Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Khalq[28]
15 Sofu Hadım Ali Pasha No picture available 1559 1560 Beylerbey [2][3][29] Also known as Sufi Ali Pasha[29] or Hadım Ali Pasha;[2][3] died in office[2]
16 Kara Şahin Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1560 1563 Beylerbey Bosniak[30] [2][3][31] Founder of the Ridwan dynasty, former governor of Gaza
17 Müezzinzade Ali Pasha 1563 1566 Beylerbey Turk[32] [2][3][25] Also known as Sufi or Sofu Ali Pasha[25]
18 Mahmud Pasha No picture available 1566 1567 Beylerbey Bosniak[33] [34][35] Built the Mosque of Mahmud Pasha and assassinated in office by gunfire[35]
19 Koca Sinan Pasha (1st) 1567 1569 Beylerbey Albanian[36][37] [2][3][20]
20 Çerkes Iskender Pasha [ar] No picture available 1569 1571 Beylerbey [2][3][38][39][40] Known locally as al-Faqih, "the jurist"[41]
21 Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd) 1571 1573 Beylerbey Albanian[36][37] [2][3][20]
22 Hüseyin Pasha Boljanić No picture available 1573 1574 Beylerbey Bosniak[42] [2][43][44][45] Of a mild disposition, but thieves multiplied during his short term[43]
23 Hadim Mesih Pasha No picture available 1574 1580 Beylerbey Bosniak[46][47] [2][3][25][43] Put to death many thieves, stunting robbery in the region for centuries[43]
24 Hadım Hasan Pasha No picture available 1580 1583 Beylerbey Albanian[48] [2][3][49] Jailed in Constantinople[49]
25 Damat Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1583 1585 Beylerbey Bosniak or Croat[50] [2][3]
26 Defterdar Sinan Pasha [ar] No picture available 1585 1587 Beylerbey [2][3][5][51] Dismissed after being unable to collect enough taxes[51]
27 Kara Üveys Pasha [tr] No picture available 1587 1590 Beylerbey [5][52][53][note 1] Died in office[53]
28 Hadım Hafız Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1590 1594 Beylerbey [2][3] Appointed governor of Bursa
29 Kurd Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1594 1596 Beylerbey [2][3]
30 Emir Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1596 1598 Beylerbey [2][3][38][41][54][55] Known as al-Sharif and seyyid, often visited the Al-Hussein Mosque[41]
31 Hızır Pasha [ar] No picture available 1598 1601 Beylerbey [2][3][55][56]
32 Yavuz Ali Pasha No picture available 1601 1603 Beylerbey Serb[2][3][55][57][58] [2][3][55][59][58][note 2] Appointed as Grand Vizier[59][58]
33 Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1604 1604 Beylerbey [2][3][55][60][61] Murdered in a sepahi mutiny[62][63][64]
34 Hadım Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1604 1605 Beylerbey Georgian[65] [2][55][64][note 3] Attempted to get the mutiny under control, but failed[64]
35 Yemenli Hasan Pasha [ar] No picture available 1605 1607 Beylerbey [2][3][55][66][67] Previously the beylerbey of Yemen Eyalet (1580–1604)[66][67]
36 Öküz Mehmed Pasha 1607 1611 Beylerbey Turk[68][69][1] [2][3][55][70][71][72][73] Known as "kul kıran" (slavebreaker) for putting down sipahi mutiny[70][71][72][73]
37 Sofu Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1611 1615 Beylerbey Bulgarian[2] [2][3][38][55][note 4] Not to be confused with Grand Vizier Sofu Mehmed Pasha[3]
38 Nişancı Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1615 1618 Beylerbey [2][3][55] Head of Janissaries (1615); not the same as Grand Vizier Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
39 Lefkeli Mustafa Pasha No picture available 1618 1618 Beylerbey Cypriot[2][3][74][55] [2][3][55][75] Left governance mostly in the hands of his family, corruption ensued[75]
40 Cafer Pasha No picture available 1618 1619 Beylerbey [2][3][55][76] Educated in various sciences and formerly governor of Yemen[76]
41 Hamidi Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1619 1620 Beylerbey [2][76] Also known as Ispartalı Mustafa Pasha,[3] dismissed for anti-merchant policies[55][77]
42 Mere Hüseyin Pasha No picture available 1620 1622 Beylerbey Albanian[78] [2][3][55][79] Dismissed after the flooding of the Nile caused a drought[80]
43 Biber Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1622 1622 Beylerbey [2][55][81][82] Dismissed after 75 days;[81] also known as Pır[2] or Babür;[3] former wali of Budin[81]
44 Silahdar Ibrahim Pasha [ar] No picture available 1622 1623 Beylerbey [2][3][55][81] Drought led to his dismissal and successor accused him of financial fraud[81]
45 Kara Mustafa Pasha (1st) No picture available 1623 1623 Beylerbey [2][5][55][83] Not the same as Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha[2]
46 Çeşteci Ali Pasha [ar] No picture available 1623 1623 Beylerbey [2][3][5][55][84][85] Soldiers restored Kara Mustafa Pasha[55][84][85]
47 Kara Mustafa Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1624 1626 Beylerbey [2][3][5][55][84] Soldiers, angry at the rapid change in governors, restored him[5][55][84]
48 Bayram Pasha No picture available 1626 1628 Beylerbey Armenian[86] [2][3][55][87] Invested and speculated heavily in local merchants and businesses[87]
49 Tabanıyassı Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1628 1630 Beylerbey Albanian[88] [2][3][55][89] Only appeared 6 times in public, but was well-liked[90]
50 Koca Musa Pasha No picture available 1630 1631 Beylerbey Bosniak[2] [2][5][55][91] Army forced his resignation after his brutality and murder of a local bey[5][92][93]
51 Halil Pasha No picture available 1631 1633 Beylerbey [2][55][94][note 5] Known for his "gentle, impartial, and prosperous administration"[94]
52 Bakırcı Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1633 1635 Beylerbey [2][3][55][95] Dismissed and executed either for his cruelty[2] or his monetary policy[96]
53 Gazi Hüseyin Pasha No picture available 1635 1637 Beylerbey Turk[97][98] [2][3] Cruel and violent, but kept the army in check[99]
54 Sultanzade Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1637 1640 Beylerbey Slav[100] [3][55][101] Confiscated many emirs' and wealthy residents' inheritances[102]
55 Nakkaş Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1640 1642 Beylerbey [2][3][55] His officials were the de jure rulers and plundered the land[103]
56 Maksud Pasha [ar] No picture available 1642 1644 Beylerbey [2][3][55][104] Previous wali of Diyarbekir; overthrown by army[105] and executed by sultan[106]
57 Eyüb Pasha [ar] No picture available 1644 1646 Beylerbey [2][3][55][106] Restored order, and after term, gave up all possessions to become a dervish[107]
58 Haydarzade Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1646 1647 Beylerbey Turk[107] [2][3][5][55][107][note 6] All of his rule was reportedly "only a series of confusions and revolutions"[107]
59 Mostarlı Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1648 1648 Beylerbey Bosniak[108] [2][3][55][107] Neglected affairs and was soon dismissed, but no insurrections occurred[55][108]
60 Tarhoncu Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1648 1651 Beylerbey [2][3][5][55][101][109][110] His rule was "agitated by great disturbances," but he managed to raise more funds than expected, as he was known for his economic skill[110]
61 Hadım Abdurrahman Pasha [ar] No picture available 1651 1652 Beylerbey [2][3][55][101][111] After his dismissal, he was jailed by successor for not paying debts[111]
62 Haseki Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1652 1656 Beylerbey [2][3][55][112][113][114][115][116] Known locally as Abu'l-Nur, "father of light", for restoring buildings[3][5][41]
63 Halıcı Damadı Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1656 1657 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 7]
64 Şehsuvarzade Gazi Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1657 1660 Beylerbey [2][3][5] Known locally as Gazi for putting down a rebellion;[41] jailed afterwards[5]
65 Gürcü Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1660 1661 Beylerbey [2][3][5][55] Some soldiers tried to replace him with his predecessor but failed[5]
66 Melek Ibrahim Pasha [tr] No picture available 1661 1664 Beylerbey [2][3][5][55] Reasserted the power of the office over the beys; aka Şeytan Ibrahim Pasha[5]
67 Silahdar Ömer Pasha [ar] No picture available 1664 1667 Beylerbey [3][55][117] Also wali of Baghdad (1677–81, 1684–86), Diyarbekir (1688), and Erzurum[117]
68 Şişman Ibrahim Pasha [ar] No picture available 1667 1668 Beylerbey [2][55] Epithet means "fat"; also called Sofu Ibrahim Pasha;[3] died in office Nov. 1668[2]
69 Karakaş Ali Pasha [ar] No picture available 1668 1669 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 8] Assumed office October 1668[2] or April 1669[55]
70 Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha 1669 1673 Beylerbey [2][3][55]
71 Canpuladzade Hüseyin Pasha [ar] No picture available 1673 1675 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 9]
72 Cebeci Ahmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1675 1676 Beylerbey [118][2][3][55][note 10] Jailed by the army due to his violence during tax collection[2]
73 Abdi Pasha the Albanian 1676 1680 Beylerbey [2][3][55]
74 Osman Pasha the Bosnian No picture available 1680 1683 Beylerbey [2][3][55]
75 Hamza Pasha [ar] No picture available 1683 1687 Beylerbey [2][3][55]
76 Mollacık Hasan Pasha No picture available 1687 1687 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 11] Also called by the epithet Kethüda/Ketkhoda, but mostly just Hasan Pasha
77 Damat Hasan Pasha (1st) No picture available 1687 1689 Beylerbey [2][3][55]
78 Sarhoş Ahmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1689 1691 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 12] Died in office on 13 March 1691[2][55]
79 Hazinedar Moralı Ali Pasha [ar] No picture available 1691 1695 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 13] Also known as Moralı Hazinedar Ali Pasha (epithets switched)[3]
80 Çelebi Ismail Pasha No picture available 1695 1697 Beylerbey [2][3][55][119][120][note 14] Deposed by the local soldiers[121]
– Kesici Hasan Pasha [ar] No picture available 1697 1698 Kaymakam [2][121][note 15] Acting governor, installed by soldiers; served for 5 to 8 months[121]
81 Firari Hüseyin Pasha [ar] No picture available 1698 1699 Beylerbey [2][3][55][note 16] Also known by the epithets Boşnak (Bosniak), Sarı, Dizveren, and Muradi[3][122]
82 Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st) No picture available 1699 1704 Beylerbey [2][3][55][123]
83 Baltacı Süleyman Pasha [ar] No picture available 1704 1704 Beylerbey [2][3][55] Never took office[55]
84 Rami Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1704 1706 Beylerbey [2][3][55][124]
85 Dellak Ali Pasha [ar] (1st) No picture available 1706 1707 Beylerbey [2][3][note 17]
86 Damat Hasan Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1707 1709 Beylerbey [2][3][125]
87 Moralı Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1709 1710 Beylerbey [2][3][126] Jailed and exiled by the sultan after dismissal[2]
88 Köse Halil Pasha No picture available 1710 1711 Beylerbey [2][3][126] Overthrown by local beys[5][127]
89 Veli Mehmed Pasha (1st) No picture available 1711 1712 Beylerbey [2][3][127] There was an insurrection begun by a Turkish religious fanatic, but it failed[128]
90 Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1712 1712 Beylerbey [2] Held the office for a minuscule amount of time[2]
91 Veli Mehmed Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1712 1714 Beylerbey [2][3][127]
92 Abdi Pasha [ar] (1st) No picture available 1714 1716 Beylerbey [129][130][131][note 18] Ended the remains of the insurrection begun in 1711 by the religious fanatic[132]
93 Dellak Ali Pasha [ar] (2nd) No picture available 1716 1720 Beylerbey [2][3][note 17] His rule was calm, but the sultan ordered his execution[2][133]
94 Recep Pasha No picture available 1720 1721 Beylerbey [2][3][133] Dismissed after failing to assassinate ibn Iwaz on the sultan's orders[134]
95 Nişancı Mehmed Pasha [tr] (1st) No picture available 1721 1725 Beylerbey [2][3][note 19] Deposed by the forces of Çerkes Mehmed Bey after displeasing him[135]
96 Moralı Ali Pasha No picture available 1725 1726 Beylerbey [2][3][136]
97 Nişancı Mehmed Pasha [tr] (2nd) No picture available 1726 1727 Beylerbey [2][3][note 19]
98 Ebubekir Pasha (1st) No picture available 1727 1729 Beylerbey [2][3][137]
99 Abdi Pasha [ar] (2nd) No picture available 1729 1729 Beylerbey [129][130][131][note 18]
100 Köprülü Abdullah Pasha No picture available 1729 1731 Beylerbey [2][3][138][note 20]
101 Silahdar Damat Mehmed Pasha [tr] No picture available 1731 1733 Beylerbey [2][3][note 21]
102 Muhassıl Osman Pasha No picture available 1733 1735 Beylerbey [2][3][139] There was a man claiming to be a prophet, and widespread apocalyptic fears[139]
103 Ebubekir Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1735 1739 Beylerbey [2][3][137][note 22] Deposed by local troops[140]
104 Sulayman Pasha al-Azm No picture available 1739 1740 Beylerbey [2][140] Deposed by local troops[141]
105 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1st) 1740 1741 Beylerbey [2][3][note 23] His rule was peaceful and free of insurrections[141]
106 Hatibzade Yahya Pasha No picture available 1741 1743 Beylerbey [2][3][141] He was the son-in-law of predecessor Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha[2]
107 Yedekçi Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1743 1744 Beylerbey [2][3][142][note 24] Troops rioted, demanding pay and rations from the granary[142]
108 Koca Mehmed Ragıp Pasha No picture available 1744 1748 Beylerbey [2][3][142][note 25] He was a "profound scholar"; forced to step down by local troops[143]
109 Yeğen Ali Pasha [ar] No picture available 1748 1748 Beylerbey [2][3] Nephew of Yedekçi Mehmed Pasha; never took office, only appointed for a week[2][3]
110 Nişancı Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1748 1751 Beylerbey [2][3][144][note 26] Interested in the sciences, but found Egyptians to be largely uneducated[144][145]
111 Seyyid Abdullah Pasha No picture available 1751 1753 Beylerbey [2][3][146][note 27]
112 Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha No picture available 1753 1753 Beylerbey [2][3][146][note 28] Died very soon after taking office[2][146]
113 Baltacızade Mustafa Pasha [ar] No picture available 1752 1756 Beylerbey [2][3][note 29]
114 Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (2nd) 1756 1757 Beylerbey [2][3][note 23] His second term was again largely peaceful[147]
115 Sa'deddin Pasha al-Azm No picture available 1757 1757 Beylerbey [2][3] Nephew of Sulayman Pasha al-Azm[3]
116 Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha 1757 1758 Beylerbey [2][3][138][note 30]
117 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st) No picture available 1758 1761 Beylerbey [2][3][148][149][note 31]
118 Kamil Ahmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1761 1761 Beylerbey [2][3][124][148] Deposed in August 1761 by the local emirs[124][148]
119 Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1761 1762 Beylerbey [124][148][note 31] Reinstalled by the local emirs[124][148]
120 Ebubekir Rasim Pasha [ar] No picture available 1762 1762 Beylerbey [2][3][124] Died two months into term, buried in the City of the Dead necropolis in Cairo[124][148]
121 Ahıskalı Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1762 1764 Beylerbey [2][3][note 32]
122 Hacı Ahmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1764 1764 Beylerbey [2][3][note 33] Died soon after taking office in September 1764[2][3]
123 Macar Hacı Hasan Pasha No picture available 1764 1765 Beylerbey [2][3][148] Dismissed soon after taking office[124][148]
124 Silahdar Mahir Hamza Pasha [tr] No picture available 1765 1767 Beylerbey [3][124][note 34] Deposed by the local emirs[124]
125 Çelebi Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1767 1767 Beylerbey [2][3][124][note 35]
126 Rakım Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1767 1768 Beylerbey [2][3][138][150][151][152] Deposed by Ali Bey Al-Kabir after making a move against him[153]
– Ali Bey Al-Kabir 1768 1769 Kaymakam [153][note 36] Became acting governor after forcing out the last governor[153]
127 Köprülü Hafız Ahmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1769 1769 Beylerbey [2][3][note 37] Died shortly after taking office[2][3]
128 Kelleci Osman Pasha [ar] No picture available 1769 1771 Beylerbey [2][3][note 38] After him, a kaymakam (acting governor) probably ruled for a year
129 Vekil Osman Pasha [ar] No picture available 1772 1773 Beylerbey [2][3][note 39] Died shortly after taking office[2][3]
130 Kara Halil Pasha [ar] No picture available 1773 1774 Beylerbey [2][3][154][note 40] Had little power; actual power was held by Mamluk Muhammad Bey Abu'l-Dhahab[155]
131 Hacı Ibrahim Pasha [ar] No picture available 1774 1775 Beylerbey [2][3][note 41]
132 Izzet Mehmed Pasha No picture available 1775 1778 Beylerbey [2][3][156][note 42] Deposed by local emirs Mamluk on 15 July 1778[157]
133 Raif Ismail Pasha [ar] (1st) No picture available 1779 1779 Beylerbey [2][158][note 43] He was replaced by the sultan in late September 1779 with Ibrahim Pasha[159]
134 Ibrahim Pasha No picture available 1779 1779 Beylerbey [160][note 44] He died in office in November 1779 (one month after his arrival)[161]
135 Raif Ismail Pasha [ar] (2nd) No picture available 1779 1780 Beylerbey [2][161][note 43] Reappointed November 1779, but deposed by local Mamluk emirs in July 1780[161]
– Ibrahim Bey (1st) 1780 1781 Kaymakam [161] The sultan gave office back to Raif Ismail Pasha, but Ibrahim Bey didn't comply[162]
136 Melek Mehmed Pasha [tr] No picture available 1781 1782 Beylerbey [2][163][note 45] His rule was peaceful and he was well-liked by the emirs[164]
137 Name unknown No picture available 1782 1783 Beylerbey [165][note 46] His identity is unknown, perhaps partially named "Sharif/Şerif Pasha"
138 Silahdar Mehmed Pasha [tr] No picture available 1783 1784 Beylerbey [2][3][note 47] Deposed by the Mamluk bey Murad Bey on 30 October 1784[166]
– Murad Bey 1784 1785 Kaymakam [166] He deposed his predecessor, but he was already the de facto ruler of Egypt[166]
– Ibrahim Bey (2nd) 1784 1785 Kaymakam [167] The incoming governor made him acting governor on 20 February 1785[167]
139 Yeğen Seyyid Mehmed Pasha [tr] No picture available 1785 1786 Beylerbey [2][3][168][note 48] Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha expelled the Mamluk emirs (Murad and Ibrahim)[2][169]
– Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha 1786 1787 Admiral [170] De facto ruler when Keki Abdi Pasha refused the office until emirs were defeated[170]
140 Keki Abdi Pasha (1st) No picture available 1787 1788 Beylerbey [2][3][170] Appointed on 24 October 1786, but left governance to Hasan Pasha for a while[170]
141 Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian (1st) No picture available 1788 1789 Beylerbey [2][171][note 49] The sultan reinstated Keki Abdi Pasha upon his request on 3 January 1789[172]
142 Keki Abdi Pasha (2nd) No picture available 1789 1789 Beylerbey [172] Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, Ismail Pasha's mentor, asked sultan to reinstate him[172]
143 Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian (2nd) No picture available 1789 1791 Beylerbey [172][note 49] Dismissed and appointed governor of Morea Eyalet[173]
144 Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet Pasha No picture available 1791 1794 Beylerbey [2][3][174][175][note 50] Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey, previously exiled in 1786, returned to de facto power[176]
145 Kayserili Hacı Salih Pasha No picture available 1794 1796 Beylerbey [2][3][175] Mamluk emirs Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey continued to wield de facto power[175]
The French occupy Egypt in 1798, with Napoleon Bonaparte (1798–99), Jean Baptiste Kléber (1799–1800), and Jacques-François Menou (1800–01) holding de facto governing power.
146 Lokmacı Hacı Ebubekir Pasha [ar] No picture available 1796 1798 Beylerbey [2][3][177][note 51] French troops under Napoleon landed at Alexandria and later reached Cairo[177]
147 Abdullah Pasha al-Azm No picture available 1798 1799 Beylerbey [2][3][178][note 52] Napoleon had him confirmed governor as a sign of Ottoman consent to his rule[178]
147 Nasuh Pasha al-Azm No picture available 1800 1801 Beylerbey [2][3][179][note 53] The French left Cairo (and eventually Egypt altogether)
The French occupation ends in 1801, succumbing to a combined British and Ottoman attack.
148 Ebu Merak Mehmed Pasha [ar] No picture available 1801 1801 Beylerbey [2][3][180][181][182][note 54] Dismissed 21 September 1801, he left for his estate on 8 January 1802[181][182]
149 Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (1st) 1802 1803 Beylerbey [2][3][181][183][note 55] Arrived 22 January 1802;[183] he was instructed to kill or imprison Mamluk emirs
– Tahir Pasha No picture available 1803 1803 Kaymakam [184][note 56] Seized power; head of Albanian troops; assassinated by Janissaries in 26 days[185]
Albanian troops led by Muhammad Ali of Egypt, originally sent in 1801 by the Ottoman sultan to fight the French, grab de facto control of Egypt from the Ottomans.
150 Müftizade Ahmed Pasha No picture available 1803 1803 Governor [2][186][187][note 57] Took power in June against the Albanians, although they had de facto control[187]
– Ibrahim Bey (3rd; concurrently) 1803 1804 Kaymakam [188][189] Made governor by Muhammad Ali of Egypt in June, who governed through him[188]
151 Trabluslu Ali Pasha (concurrently) 1803 1804 Beylerbey [2][3][190] Sent by the Ottomans in July to take back Egypt from the Albanians, but killed[190]
152 Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (2nd) 1804 1804 Beylerbey [191][note 58] He was a puppet governor for 2 days under Muhammad Ali of Egypt[191]
153 Hurshid Ahmed Pasha 1804 1805 Beylerbey [2][3][192][193] Allowed by Muhammad Ali of Egypt to govern, but forced to step down in favor of him
154 Muhammad Ali of Egypt 1805 Muhammad Ali, head of the Albanians, is officially appointed governor in 1805, beginning the Muhammad Ali dynasty;
see List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty for viceregal governors after 1805.


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  1. ^ a b Alper, Omer Mahir, "Yunus Paşa", (1999) Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. C.2 s.678 ISBN 975-08-0072-9
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj Mehmet Süreyya (1996) [1890], Nuri Akbayar; Seyit A. Kahraman (eds.), Sicill-i Osmanî (in Turkish), Beşiktaş, Istanbul: Türkiye Kültür Bakanlığı and Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı, ISBN 9789753330411
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en Yılmaz Öztuna (1994). Büyük Osmanlı Tarihi: Osmanlı Devleti'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 10. Ötüken Neşriyat A.S. pp. 412–416. ISBN 975-437-141-5.
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  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Holt, P. M.; Gray, Richard (1975). Fage, J.D.; Oliver, Roland (eds.). "Egypt, the Funj and Darfur". The Cambridge History of Africa. IV. London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University Press: 14–57. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521204132.003. ISBN 9781139054584.
  6. ^ Behrens-abouseif, Doris; Crecelius, Daniel (1995), "Egypt's Adjustment to Ottoman Rule: Institutions, Waqf & Architecture in Cairo (16th & 17th Centuries), (Islamic History & Civilization, Volume 7)", Middle East Studies Association Bulletin, 29 (1): 90–91
  7. ^ Müderrisoğlu, F. (1995). "Bâni Çoban Mustafa Paşa ve Bir Osmanlı Şehri Gebze". Vakıflar Dergisi, Sayı: 25, S:67-124.
  8. ^ Türk Tarih Kurumu (1996). Belleten. p. 112.
  9. ^ Evli̇ya Çelebi̇ (1988). Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels: Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. Brill Archive. p. 61. ISBN 978-90-04-08165-9.
  10. ^ a b c Kaya Şahin (29 March 2013). Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 978-1-107-03442-6.
  11. ^ Yayın Kurulu "Ahmet Paşa (Hain)", (1999), Yaşamları ve Yapıtlarıyla Osmanlılar Ansiklopedisi, İstanbul:Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık A.Ş. volume 2, p.146 ISBN 975-08-0072-9
  12. ^ Gülru Neci̇poğlu; Julia Bailey (2008). Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday; the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture Thirtieth Anniversary Special Volume. BRILL. p. 98. ISBN 978-90-04-17327-9.
  13. ^ Turan, Ebru (2009). "The Marriage of Ibrahim Pasha (ca. 1495-1536): The Rise of Sultan Süleyman's Favorite to the Grand Vizierate and the Politics of the Elites in the Early Sixteenth-Century Ottoman Empire". Turcica. 41: 5–6. doi:10.2143/TURC.41.0.2049287. Originally, he probably spoke a Slavic dialect; sources mention that during the peace negotiations with the Habsburgs in 1533 he conversed in his mother tongue with Ferdinand I's representative Jerome of Zara, who was a Croatian... Venetian sources indicate that the pasha could also speak Greek and Albanian.
  14. ^ a b Raymond, André (2001). Cairo: City of History. Translated by Willard Wood (Harvard ed.). Cairo, Egypt; New York, New York: American University in Cairo Press. p. 191. ISBN 978-977-424-660-9.
  15. ^ Clot, André (2012). Suleiman the Magnificent. Saqi. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-86356-803-9. The fleet was put under the orders of Hadim Suleiman Pasha, the beylerbey of Egypt, a eunuch of Greek origin...
  16. ^ Markotic, Vladimir (1987). Emigrants from Croatia and Their Achievements: Symposium. Western Publishers. ISBN 978-0-919119-12-3. Suleiman Pasha al-Khadim, a eunuch of Greek origin...
  17. ^ "Bosnjak Mehmed-Pasa Sokolovic". www.geocities.com. Archived from the original on 27 October 2009. Retrieved 13 January 2022.
  18. ^ Clot, André (2012). Suleiman the Magnificent. Saqi. p. 164. ISBN 978-0-86356-803-9. The fleet was put under the orders of Hadim Suleiman Pasha, the beylerbey of Egypt, a eunuch of Greek origin...
  19. ^ Markotic, Vladimir (1987). Emigrants from Croatia and Their Achievements: Symposium. Western Publishers. ISBN 978-0-919119-12-3. Suleiman Pasha al-Khadim, a eunuch of Greek origin...
  20. ^ a b c d e Giancarlo Casale (26 January 2010). The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford University Press. pp. 87, 102. ISBN 978-0-19-979879-7.
  21. ^ "Lala Mustafa Paşa kimdir?".
  22. ^ a b Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb; Johannes Hendrik Kramers; Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat; Joseph Schacht (1992). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 721.
  23. ^ a b Giancarlo Casale (26 January 2010). The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford University Press. p. 102. ISBN 978-0-19-979879-7.
  24. ^ Murvar, Vatro (1989). Nation and Religion in Central Europe and the Western Balkans: The Muslims in Bosna, Hercegovina, and Sandžak : a Sociological Analysis. FSSSN Colloquia and Symposia, University of Wisconsin. p. 34.
  25. ^ a b c d e Michael Winter (14 January 2004). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. Taylor & Francis. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0.
  26. ^ a b Michael Winter (1 March 2006). Society And Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writing of 'Abd Al-Wahhab Al-Sha'Rani. Transaction Publishers. pp. 42–53. ISBN 978-1-4128-3458-2.
  27. ^ de Groot, Alexander H.; Winkelhane, Gerd; Schwarz, Klaus (1989). "Der osmanische Statthalter Iskender Pascha (gest. 1571) und seine Stiftungen in Agypten und am Bosporus". Die Welt des Islams. 29 (1/4): 215. doi:10.2307/1571021. ISSN 0043-2539. JSTOR 1571021.
  28. ^ Raymond, André (2001). Cairo: City of History. Translated by Willard Wood (Harvard ed.). Cairo, Egypt; New York, New York: American University in Cairo Press. p. 235. ISBN 978-977-424-660-9.
  29. ^ a b Giancarlo Casale (26 January 2010). The Ottoman Age of Exploration. Oxford University Press. p. 110. ISBN 978-0-19-979879-7.
  30. ^ Watenpaugh, 1999, p. 121.
  31. ^ Islamic Studies. Islamic Research Institute. 2002. p. 328.
  32. ^ Crowley, Roger (2009). Empires of the Sea The Final Battle for the Mediterranean, 1521-1580. Faber & Faber. p. 243. ISBN 9780571250806. Ali was the son of the poor; his father called people to prayers in the old Ottoman capital of Edirne [...] Sokollu was a Bosnian; Piyale had been taken as a child from the battelfields of Hungary. Ali [ Müezzinzade Pasha] was unusual in being an ethnic Turk.
  33. ^ Blackburn, J. Richard (1979). "The Collapse of Ottoman Authority in Yemen, 968/1560-976/1568". Die Welt des Islams. 19 (1/4): 119–176. doi:10.2307/1569922. JSTOR 1569922.
  34. ^ Die Welt des Islams. Brill. 1979. pp. 130, 131, 144.
  35. ^ a b Jane Hathaway (2003). A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. SUNY Press. p. 219. ISBN 978-0-7914-8610-8.
  36. ^ a b Elsie, Robert (2013). A Biographical Dictionary of Albanian History. 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU: I.B Tauris & Co. Ltd. p. 416. ISBN 978-1780764313. Retrieved 2014-01-07.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  37. ^ a b Malcolm, Noel (2015). Agents of Empire: Knights, Corsairs, Jesuits and Spies in the Sixteenth-century Mediterranean World. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0190262785. pp. 264–265. "Sinan came from a small village in north-eastern Albania. As the writer Lazaro Soranzo put it, very probably deriving his information from Bartolomeo's cousin Antonio Bruni, he was 'an Albanian from Topojan in the sancak [district] of Prizren'. Attempts by some Serb historians to claim a Serbian origin for him are unconvincing. While the group of villages around Topojan was ethnically mixed at this time, probably with a Slav predominance, Topojan was mainly Albanian, and there is good evidence that Sinan's family background was neither Slav or Orthodox. From the fact that documents from the later part of his life refer to his father as 'Ali bey', some have supposed that he was born a Muslim; but it is much more likely that he came from a Catholic family (as the relationship with the Giubizzas strongly suggests), and that once he and his brothers had prospered in their Ottoman careers they persuaded their father to convert, the better to share in that success with them. A Ragusan document of 1571, listing all the 'renegades' in the Sultan's governing council, described Sinan as a Catholic Albanian' by origin." pp. 267–268. "One of the criticisms made of Sinan repeatedly by Mustafa Ali of Gallipoli was that he promoted an Albanian clique in the military and the government administration; Mustafa Ali wrote admiringly of the Bosnians, such as patron Lala Mustafa and Mehmed Sokollu, and scathingly about Albanians."
  38. ^ a b c Yılmaz Öztuna (1979). Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. Ötüken Yayınevi. p. 51.
  39. ^ Türklük araştırmaları dergisi. Fakülte. 2008. p. 282.
  40. ^ Reşid İskenderoğlu (1989). Beğlerbeği Gazi İskender Paşa, 1492-1571. R. İskenderoğlu. pp. 41, 56.
  41. ^ a b c d e Michael Winter (14 January 2004). Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. Taylor & Francis. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-203-16923-0.
  42. ^ Simpozijum seoski dani Sretena Vukosavljevića. Vol. 10–11. Opštinska zajednica obrazovanja. 1982. p. 170.; Radovan Samardžić (1989). Ideje za srpsku istoriju. Jugoslavijapublik. p. 97. ISBN 9788671210485.
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  44. ^ Philip Sidney (2012). The Correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney. Oxford University Press. p. 359. ISBN 978-0-19-955822-3.
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  166. ^ a b c 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 138.
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  168. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 171.
  169. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 181.
  170. ^ a b c d 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 216–217.
  171. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 286–288.
  172. ^ a b c d 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 289.
  173. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 315. At the beginning of Ramadan a Tatar messenger arrived bearing an edict deposing Isma'il Pasha and that he should direct himself to Morea...
  174. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 315. ...the pasha of Morea, Muhammad Pasha, who had been in Jidda the previous year and was known as 'Izzat, was to be governor of Egypt.
  175. ^ a b c 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 430. In the month of Safar [September 1794] news came of the arrival of Salih Pasha, governor of Egypt, at Alexandria. [Safranbolulu Izzet] Muhammad (Mehmet) Pasha took provisions for a journey, set out and traveled to Alexandria.
  176. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 2. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 317–322, 373.
  177. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 3. ...and Bakr Pasha sent the letter with his envoy overland...
  178. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 46. ...and the governor of Egypt will be 'Abdallah Pasha ibn al-'Azm who is at present governor of Syria.
  179. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 139. ...on the 22nd of Ramadan (Feb. 17 1800) ... Nasuh Pasha, the governor of Egypt ... bestowed robes upon them.
  180. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 295. On the 28th (Aug. 9 [1801]) ... Muhammad Pasha Abu Maraq, candidate for the office of governor of Egypt ... bestowed garments of honor, and scattered gold and silver coins
  181. ^ a b c 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 303. On Monday the 12th (of Jumada I 1216) [21 September 1801] ... The news came that Muhammad Khusraw Pasha was appointed governor of Egypt. He was the katkhuda of Husayn Pasha Kapudan ... It was rumored that Muhammad Pasha Abu Maraq was dismissed and would leave for his estate.
  182. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 316. On the third (of Ramadan 1216) [8 January 1802 CE] Muhammad Pasha (Abu Maraq) departed.
  183. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 317. Muhammad Pasha (Khusraw), the governor of Egypt, reached Bulaq ... On Friday the 17th (Jan. 22 [1802]) he entered cAiro via Bab al-Nasr in a solemn procession devoid of the customary composition.
  184. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 372. The qadi produced a sable fur with which he invested Tahir Pasha as qa'im maqam, until such time as the governorship fell to him, or another governor should arrive.
  185. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 376–377. Whenever the Janissaries asked for some of their jamakiya pay, [Tahir Pasha] would tell them that they had nothing coming from him; that he would pay them only from the date he became governor [as he was only acting governor (kaymakam)] ... they rushed at him with drawn swords; one of them struck him, sent his head flying ... Tahir Pasha's body lay cast aside with no one paying it the slightest attention.
  186. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 377. [Janissaries] entered into a plot with Ahmad Pasha, governor of Medina.
  187. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 378.
  188. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 380, 394. ...'by order of Ibrahim Bey, Governor of the Province, and our Master Muhammad Ali.' [Muftizade] Ahmad Pasha's governorship had lasted one day and one night. ...Ibrahim Bey convoked a diwan at his daughter's house ... and took over the duties of qa'im maqam of Egypt.
  189. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 428.
  190. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 394. On the 20th (July 10) news came of the arrival of 'Ali Pasha al-Tarabulusi in Alexandria, as governor of Egypt in place of Muhammad Pasha (Khusraw).
  191. ^ a b 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. pp. 438–440. [On March 12] Muhammad Ali went up to the Citadel and came down with Muhammad Pasha Khusraw and his companions at his side... It became known among the people that Muhammad Pasha had returned to the governorship of Egypt... On the eve of Wednesday [March 14] Muhammad Pasha Khusraw ... [was] taken down to Bulaq and shipped off to Lower Egypt... His governorship – or, rather, his pretended governorship... he had continued to believe confidently in his return to the governorship of Cairo... such were his delusions!
  192. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 437. At the seventh hour after sunset [on 10 March 1804] ... a firman ... arrived from Ahmad Pasha Khurshid, the governor of Alexandria, appointing the latter to the governorship of Egypt.
  193. ^ 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti; Thomas Philipp; Moshe Perlmann (1994). Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. Vol. 3. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. p. 442. On the eve of Monday the 14th (March 26) the pasha arrived at the port of Bulaq.


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